Publications

See list via Google Scholar for the most updated.

https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=j4u5t4cAAAAJ&hl=en

Retro

Submitted.
S1) “Redetermination of the single-crystal structure of chloro boron subphthalocyanine (Cl-BsubPc) enabled by slow train sublimation” Virdo, J.D.; Lough, A.J.; Bender, T.P.*; Acta. Cryst. C, submitted. Manuscript ID:FM3033.
S2) “Characterization of μ-oxo-(BsubPc)2 in Organic Planar Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices” Castrucci, J.; Dang, J.; Thibau, E.; Lu, Z-H.; Bender, T.P.*; ACS Appl. Mat. Inter., submitted. Manuscript ID: am-2015-09264t.

Accepted and Under Revision.
A1) Invited Contribution: “Controlled and selective placement of boron subphthalocyanines on either chain end of polymers synthesized by nitroxide mediated polymerization” Lessard, B.H.*; Bender, T.P.*; AIMS Molecular Science, 2015, accepted and under revision.
A2) “The Position and Frequency of Fluorine Atoms Changes the Electron Donor/Acceptor Properties of Fluorophenoxy Silicon Phthalocyanines within Organic Photovoltaic Devices” Lessard, B.H.; Grant. T.; White, R.; Thibau, E.; Lu, Z-H.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Mater. Chem. C., 2015, accepted and under revision. NSERC. Impact factor: 4.696.

In Print or Available On-Line.
1) Invited Contribution Special Issue for the International Year of Light: “Aryl-substituted Boron Subphthalcyanines and their Application in Organic Photovoltaics.” Bonnier, C.; Josey, D.; Bender, T.P.*; Australian J. Chem., 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CH15381. NSERC. Impact factor: 1.558.
2) Invited Contribution Special Issue on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines: “Ring Opening Reactions through C-O Bond Cleavage Uniquely Adding Chemical Functionality to Boron Subphthalocyanine.” Bonnier, C.; Bender, T.P.*; Molecules, 2015, 20(10), 18237-18245. NSERC. Impact factor: 2.791.
3) “Boron Subphthalocyanines as Singlet Fission Harvesting Materials within Organic Photovoltaics.” Castrucci, J,; Josey, D.; Thibau, E.; Lu, Z-H.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2015, 6 (15), 3121–3125. NSERC. Impact factor: 7.548.
4) Review Article: “Phthalocyanine Based Organic Thin-Film Transistors: A Review of Recent Advances.” Melville, O.; Lessard, B.H.; Bender, T.P.*, ACS Appl. Mater. Inter., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 7 (24), 13105–13118. NSERC. Impact factor: 5.90
5) “Boron Subphthalocyanine Polymers: Avoiding the Small Molecule Side Product and Exploring their use in Organic Light Emitting Diodes.” Lessard, B.H.; Sampson, K.L.; Plint, T.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Polym. Sci. A., 2015, 53, 1996–2006. NSERC. Impact factor: 3.245.
6) “Axially Phenoxylated Aluminum Phthalocyanines and Their Application in Organic Photovoltaic Cells.” Raboui, H.; AL-Amr, M.; Abdelrahman, A.; Bender, T.P.*; RSC Advances, 2015, 5, 45731 – 45739. SABIC. Impact factor: 3.708.
7) “From chloro to fluoro, expanding the role of aluminum phthalocyanine in organic photovoltaic devices.” Lessard, B.H.; AL-Amar, M.; Grant, T.M.; White, R.; Lu, Z-H.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Mater. Chem. A., 2015, 3(9), 5047-5053. SABIC. Impact factor: 6.626 before splitting into parts A, B and C. Impact factor pending for part A.
8) Invited submission for special issue on organic electronics: “Evaluating thiophene electron donor layers for the rapid assessment of boron subphthalocyanines as electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics; solution or vacuum deposition?” Josey, D.S.; Castrucci, J.S.; Dang, J.D.; Lessard, B.H.; Bender, T.P.*; ChemPhysChem, 2015, 16, 1245-1250. NSERC. Impact factor: 3.360.
9) “Charge Carrier Mobility of Siliconized Liquid Triarylamine Organic Semiconductors by Time of Flight Spectroscopy” Plint, T.; Kamino, B.A.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Phys. Chem. C., 2015, 119, 1676−1682. NSERC. Impact factor: 4.835.
10) “Process for the synthesis of symmetric and asymmetric oxygen bridged dimers of boron subphthalocyanies (μ-oxo-(BsubPc)2)s.” Dang, J.D.; Fulford, M.; Kamino, B.A.; Paton, A.S.; Bender, T.P.*; Dalton Transactions, 2015, 44, 4280-4288. NSERC. Impact factor: 4.097.
11) “Assessing the Potential Roles of Silicon and Germanium Phthalocyanines in Planar Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices and How Pentafluoro Phenoxylation Can Enhance π–π Interactions and Device Performance” Lessard, B.; Plint, T.; Castrucci, J.; White, R.; Josey, D.; Lu, Z.H.; Bender, T.P.*; ACS Appl. Mater. Inter., 2014, 7(9), 5076-5088. SABIC. Impact factor: 5.90.
12) “Bis(tri-n-hexylsilyl oxide) silicon phthalocyanine is a unique phthalocyanine dye for use as a ternary additive in P3HT:PC61BM:Dye BHJ OPVs.” Lessard, B.; Dang, J.D.; Grant, T.; Dong, G.; Seferos, D.; Bender, T.P.*; ACS Appl. Mater. Inter., 2014, 6(17), 15040-15051. SABIC. Impact factor: 5.90.
13) Invited contribution: “Some observations regarding the behavior of boron subphthalocyanines in polar aprotic solvents.” Paton, A.S.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines, 2014, 18(10/11), 1051-1056. (NSERC)
14) “A Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor for Conducting High Temperature and High Pressure Chemical Reactions.” Organ, M.*; Sauks, J.; Mallik, D.; Lawryshyn, Y.; Bender, T.P.; Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 2014, 18, 1310–1314. NSERC. Impact factor: 2.549.
15) “Considerations for the Physical Vapor Deposition of High Molar Mass Organic Compounds.” Castrucci, J.S.; Dang, J.D.; Kamino, B.A.; Campbell, A.; Pitts, D.; Lu, Z.H.; Bender, T.P.*; Vacuum, 2014, 19, 26-33. Impact factor: 1.530 NSERC. Impact factor: 1.412.
16) “Acceptor Properties of Boron Subphthalocyanines in Fullerene Free Photovoltaics.” Beaumont, N.; Castrucci, J.S.; Sullivan, P.; Morse, G.E.; Paton, A.S.; Lu, Z.H.; Bender, T.P.*; Jones, T.S.; J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118(27) 14813–14823. Impact factor: 4.814 NSERC. Impact factor: 4.835.
17) Morse, G.E., Gong, I.; Kawar, Y.; Lough, A.J.; Bender, T.P.*; “Crystal and Solid State Arrangement Trends of Halogenated Boron Subphthalocyanines.” Crystal Growth & Design, 2014, 14 (5), 2138–2147. Impact factor: 4.689 (NSERC).
18) Morse, G.E.; Gantz, J.L.; Steirer, K.X.; Armstrong, N.R.; Bender, T.P.*; “Pentafluorophenoxy Boron Subphthalocyanine (F5BsubPc) as a Multifunctional Material for Organic Photovoltaics.” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2014, 6 (3), 1515–1524. Impact factor: 5.008 (NSERC).
19) Paton, A.S.; Morse, G.E.; Lough, A.J.; Bender, T.P.*; “Utilizing the π‑Acidity of Boron Subphthalocyanine To Achieve Novel Solid-State Arrangements.” Crystal Growth & Design, 2013, 13 (12), 5368–5374. Impact factor: 4.689 (NSERC).
20) Virdo, J.D.; Crandall, L.; Dang, J.D.; Fulford, M.V.; Lough, A.J.; Durfee, W.S.; Bender, T.P.*; “The influence of strong and weak hydrogen bonds on the solid state arrangement of hydroxy-containing boron subphthalocyanines.” CrystEngComm, 2013, 15, 8578-8586. Impact factor: 3.879 (NSERC).
21) Kamino, B.A.; Bender, T.P.*; “π-Extended Boron Subphthalocyanines with Stable Electrochemistry and Tuneable Bandgaps.” Dalton Transactions, 2013, 42, 13145-13150. Impact factor: 3.806 (NSERC).
22) Review Article: “The Use of Siloxane, Silsesquioxanes, and Silicones in Organic Semiconducting Materials.” Kamino, B.A.; Bender, T.P.*; Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42(12), 5119-5130. Impact Factor: 28.76 –yes– 28.76 (NSERC).
23) Highlighted in ‘Materials Views’ and Cover Image: “Boron subphthalocyanine polymers by facile coupling to poly(acrylic acid-ran-styrene) copolymers and the associated problems with autoinitition when employing nitroxide mediated polymerization.” Lessard, B.H.; Bender, T.P.*; Macro. Rapid. Comm., 2013, 34(7), 568-573. Impact Factor: 4.59 (NSERC).
24) Invited submission for focus issue on Halogen Bonding: “Halogen bonds can direct the solid state arrangement of phenoxy-boron subphthalocyanines.” Virdo, J.D.; Kawar, Y.H.; Bender, T.P.*; CrystEngComm, 2013, 15, 3187-3199. Impact Factor: 3.84 (NSERC).
25) “Boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium complexes of 1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindoline (BPI).” Dang, J.D.; Bender, T.P.*; Inorg. Chem. Comm., 2012, 30, 147-151. Impact Factor: 1.97 (NSERC).
26) “Highly Efficient Greenish-Yellow Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Interzone Exciton Transfer.” Chang, Y.L.; Kamino, B.A.; Wang, Z.; Helander, H.G.; Rao, Y.; Chai, L.; Wang, S.; Bender, T.P.; Lu, Z.H.*; Adv. Funct. Mat., 2012, 23, 3204–3211.. Impact factor: 10.18 (NSERC).
27) “Siliconized Triarylamines as Redox Mediator in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells” Sepehrifard, A.; Kamino, B.; Bender, T.P.; Morin, S.*; Appl. Mat. Inter., 2012, 4(11), 6211–6215. Impact factor: 4.525 (NSERC).
28) Review Paper and Cover Image: “Boron Subphthalocyanines as Organic Electronic Materials” Morse, G.E.; Bender, T.P.*; Appl. Mater. Inter., 2012, 4(10), 5055–5068. Impact factor: 4.525 (NSERC, OCE).
29) Invited Paper: “Extension of the Application of Piers-Rubinsztajn Conditions to Produce Triarylamine Pendant Dimethylsiloxane Copolymers.” Gretton, M.J.; Kamino, B.A.; Bender, T.P.*; Macro. Symp., 2012, 324, 82–94. Impact factor: ~1 (NSERC).
30) “Sulfonate Pseudo Halides of Boronsubphthalocyanine.” Paton, A.S.; Bender, T.P.*; Acta. Cryst. C., 2012, C68, o459–o464. Impact factor: 0.518 (NSERC).
31) “Non-solvated crystal structure of µ–oxo boronsubphthalocyanine.” Fulford, M.V.; Lough, A.J.; Bender, T.P.*; Acta. Cryst. B, Structural Science, 2012, B68, 636–645. Impact factor: 1.829 (NSERC).
32) “A Boron Subphthalocyanine Polymer: Poly(4-methyl styrene)-co-poly(phenoxy-boron-subphthalocyanine).” Dang, J.D.; Virdo, J.D.; Lessard, B.H.; Bultz, E.; Paton, A.S.; Bender, T.P.*; Macromolecules, 2012, 45(19), 7791–7798. Impact factor: 5.167 (NSERC).
33) “Using stochastic models to determine financial indicators and technical objectives for organic solar cells.” Powell, C.; Lawryshyn, Y.A.*; Bender, T.P.; Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2012, 107, 236–247. Impact factor: 4.850 (UofT).
34) Cover Image: “Crystal Structures, Reaction Rates and Selected Physical Properties of Halo-Boronsubphthalocyanines (Halo = Fluoride, Chloride and Bromide).” Fulford, M.V.; Jaidka, D.; Paton, A.S.; Morse, G.E.; Brisson, E.R.L.; Lough, A.J.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2012, 57, 2756−2765. Impact factor: 1.693 (NSERC).
35) “One Well-Placed Methyl Group Increases the Solubility of Phenoxy Boronsubphthalocyanine Two Orders of Magnitude.” Paton, A.S.; Lough, A.J.; Bender, T.P.; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (Applied Chemistry), 2012, 51, 6290–6296. Impact factor: 2.237 (NSERC).
36) “Aluminum Chloride Activation of Chloro-Boronsubphthalocyanine: a Rapid and Flexible Method for Axial Functionalization with an Expanded Set of Nucleophiles.” Morse, G.E.; Bender, T.P.*; Inorg. Chem., 2012, 51, 6460–6467. Impact factor: 4.601 (NSERC).
37) “Phthalonitrile Based Fluorophores as Fluorescent Dopant Emitters in Deep-Blue OLEDs: Approaching the NTSC Standard for Blue.” Kamino, B.A.; Chang, Y.L.; Lu, Z.H.; Bender, T.P.*; Org. Elect., 2012, 13, 1479–1485. Impact factor: 4.407 (NSERC).
38) “Pseudohalides of Boron Subphthalocyanine.” Paton, A.S.; Morse, G.E.; Castellino, D.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Org. Chem., 2012, 77 (5), 2531–2536. Impact factor: 4.450 (NSERC).
39) “Anhydrous formation of foamed silicone elastomers using the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction.” Grande, J.B.; Fawcett, A.S.; McLaughlin, A.J.; Gonzaga, F.; Bender, T.P.; Brook, M.A.*; Polymer, 2012, 3135–3142. Impact factor: 4.009 (NSERC).
40) “Hole Mobility of a Liquid Organic Semiconductor” Kamino, B.A.; Bender, T.P.*; Klenkler, R.A.; J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2012, 3 (8), 1002–1006. Impact factor: 6.213 (NSERC).
41) “Liquid Triarylamines: The Scope and Limitations of Piers-Rubinsztajn Conditions for Obtaining Triarylamine-Siloxane Hybrid Materials.” Kamino, B.A.; Mills, B.; Reali, C.; Gretton, M.J.; Brook, M.A.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Org. Chem., 2012, 77 (4), 1663–1674. Impact factor: 4.450 (NSERC).
42) “The Use of Piers-Rubinsztajn Conditions for the Placement of Triarylamines Pendant to Silicone Polymers.” Gretton, M.J.; Kamino, B.A.; Brook, M.A.; Bender, T.P.*; Macromolecules, 2012, 45 (2), 723–728. Impact factor: 5.167 (NSERC).
43) “Charge Carrier Mobility in Fluorinated Phenoxy Boron Subphthalocyanines.” Castrucci, J.S.; Helander, M.H.; Morse, G.E.; Lu, Z.H.; Bender, T.P.*; Crystal Growth & Des., 2012, 12, 1095−1100. Impact Factor: 4.720 (NSERC).
44) “The Effect of Triarylamine Structure on the Photoinduced Electron Transfer to Boron Subphthalocyanine.” Kamino, B.A.; Morse, G.E.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Phys. Chem. C., 2011, 115 (42), 20716–20723. Impact factor: 4.805 (NSERC).
45) “Phthalimido-boronsubphthalocyanines: New derivatives of boronsubphthalocyanine with bipolar electrochemistry and functionality in OLEDs.” Morse, G.E.; Castrucci, J.S.; Helander, M.H.; Lu, Z.H.; Bender, T.P.*; Appl. Mater. Inter., 2011, 3, 3538–3544. Impact factor: 4.525 (NSERC, OCE).
46) “Boron subphthalocyanine Dyes: 3-pentadecylphenol as a solubilizing molecular fragment.” Brisson, E.; Paton, A.; Morse, G.E.; Bender, T.P.; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. (Applied Chemistry), 2011, 50(19), 10910–10917. Impact factor: 2.237 (NSERC).
47) “Silicone-Triarylamine Hybrids: Discrete Room Temperature Liquid Triarylamines via the Piers-Rubinsztajn Reaction.” Kamino, B.A.; Grande, J.B.; Brook, M.A.; Bender, T.P.*; Org. Lett., 2011, 13(1), 154–157. Impact factor: 5.862 (NSERC).
48) “An Experimentally Verified Model of HOMO and LUMO Energy Levels of Phenoxyboronsubphthalocyanines” Morse, G.E.; Helander, M.H.; Stanwick, J.; Sauks, J.M.; Paton, A.S.; Lu, Z.H.; Bender, T.P.*; J. Phys. Chem., C., 2011, 115, 11709–11718. Impact Factor: 4.805 (NSERC).
49) “A Role for Br Interactions in the Crystal Arrangement of Para-Halo-Phenoxy-Boronsubphthalocyanines.” Paton, A.S.; Bender, T.P.*; CrystEngComm, 2011, 13, 3653–3656. Impact factor: 3.842 (NSERC).
50) “Controlling the Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Arylamines Through the Use of Simple Silyl Ethers: Liquid, Waxy and Glassy Aryalmines.” Kamino, B.A.; Castrucci, J.S.; Bender, T.P.*; Silicon, 2011, 3, 125–137. Impact factor: not yet available (NSERC).
51) “NMP of chloromethylsytrene with minimized PDI: the role of the initiator/nitroxide system and the meta-isomer.” Bultz, E.; Bender, T.P.; Macromolecules, 2011, 44, 3666–3669. Impact factor: 5.167 (NSERC).
52) “Some Observations Regarding the Crystal Packing of Phenoxy-Boronsubphthalocyanines” Paton, A.; Morse, G.E.; Maka, J.; Lough, A.; Bender, T.P.*; CrystEngComm, 2010, 13, 914–919. Impact factor: 3.842 (NSERC, OCE).
53) “Pentafluorophenoxy boron subphthalocyanine as a fluorescent dopant emitter in organic light emitting diodes.” Helander, M.H.; Morse, G.E.; Qiu, J.; Castrucci, J.; Bender, T.P.*; Lu, Z.H.; Appl. Mater. & Inter., 2010, 11(2), 3147–3152. Impact factor: 4.525 (NSERC, OCE)
54) “Fluorinated Phenoxy Boron Subphthalocyanines in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes” Morse, G.E.; Helander, M.H.; Maka, J.; Lu, Z.H.; Bender, T.P.*; Appl. Mater. & Inter., 2010, 2(7), 1934–1944. Impact factor: 4.525 (NSERC, OCE)
55) “Boron subphthalocyanine – dye, pigment or somewhere in between.” Morse, G.E.; Paton, A.S.; Bender, T.P.*; Dalton Transactions, 2010, 39(16), 3915–3922. Impact factor: 3.838 (NSERC, OCE).
56) “A Model to Determine Financial Indicators for Organic Solar Cells” Powell, C.; Bender, T.P.; Lawryshyn, Y.A.*; Solar Energy, 2009, 83(11), 1977–1984. Impact factor: 2.902 (UofT).

Industrial Research.
57) “A Pronounced Anionic Effect in the Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Revealed in Phosphonium Salt Ionic Liquids”. McNulty, J.*; Cheekoori, S.; Bender, T.P.; Coggan, J.A.; Chem. Eur. J., 2007, 1423–1428.
58) “Copper(I)-Mediated Ligand-Accelerated Ullmann-Type Coupling of Anilines with Aryliodides: Ligand Selection and Reaction Kinetics for Synthesis of Tri-p-Tolylamine”. Manifar, T.; Rohani, S.; Bender, T.P.; Goodbrand, H.B.; Gaynor, R.; Saban, M.; Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2005, 44(4), 789 –798.
59) “Self-Assembled Vesicular Nanostructures of Perylene End-Capped Poly(dimethylsiloxane)”. Yao, D.; Bender, T.P.; Gerroir, P.J.; Sundararajan, P.R.*; Macromolecules, 2005, 38, 6972–6978.
60) “The Synthesis of Poly(arylene ether)s in Solution at Pilot-Plant Scale with Control over Molecular Weight and End-Group Composition”. Bender, T.P.*; Burt, R.A.; Hamer, G.K.; DeVisser, C.; Smith, P.F.; Saban, M.; Org. Process Res. Dev., 2002, 6(5), 714–720.
61) “Effect of Substitution on the Electrochemical and Xerographic Properties of Triarylamines: Correlation to the Hammett Parameter of the Substituent and Calculated HOMO Energy Level”. Bender, T.P.*; Graham, J.F.; Duff, J.M.; Chem. Mater., 2001, 13(11), 4105–4511.

Ph.D. Studies.
62) “Molecular approach to the development of polyimides with novel structures and properties.” Wang, Z.Y.*; Bender, T.P.; Zheng, H.B.; Chen, L.Z.; Polym. Adv. Technol., 2000, 11(8-12), 652–657. (NSERC).
63) “Synthesis of polyimides and segmented block copolyimides by transimidization.” Bender, T.P.; Wang, Z.Y.*; J. Poly. Sci., Pt A: Poly. Chem, 2000, 38(21), 3991–3996. (NSERC).
64) “Polyimide Thin Films Produced by Direct Solid-State Polymerization of an Amino Anhydride Monomer.” Bender, T.P.; Wang, Z.Y.*; Macromolecules, 2000, 33(26), 9477–9479. (NSERC).
65) “Poly(aryl ether)s containing o-terphenyl subunits. III. Random copoly(ether imide)s.” Bender, T.P.; MacKinnon, S.M.; Wang, Z.Y.*; J. Poly. Sci., Pt A: Poly. Chem., 2000, 38(4), 758–763. ( NSERC)
66) “Poly(aryl ether)s containing o-terphenyl subunits. II. Random poly(ether sulfone)s.” MacKinnon, S.M.; Bender, T.P.; Wang, Z.Y.*; J. Poly. Sci., Pt A: Poly. Chem., 2000, 38(1), 9–17. (NSERC).
67) “Dendritic aryl imides containing the tetrahydro[5]helicene unit: synthesis, characterization, electrochemical behavior, and comparison with a linear oligoimide analogue.” Bender, T.P.; Qi, Y.; Desjardins, P.; Wang, Z.Y.*; Can. J. Chem., 1999, 77(8), 1444–1452. (NSERC).
68) “Synthesis, resolution and racemization study of helically twisted o-terphenyls.” Gao, J. P.; Meng, X. S.; Bender, T. P.; MacKinnon, S.; Grand, V.; Wang, Z. Y.*; Chem. Commun., 1999, (14), 1281–1282. (NSERC).
69) Cover illustration: “Tetrahydro[5]helicene. A versatile and robust building block for new polymers.” Bender, T.P.; Wang, Z.Y.*; Polymer News, 1999, 24(4), 115–120. (NSERC).
70) “Synthetic Antioxidants Related to Vitamin E.” Wright, J.S.; Pratt, D.A.; DiLabio, G.A.; Bender, T.P.; Ingold, K.U.*; Cancer Prevention and Detection, 1998, 22(5), S204. (NSERC).
71) Cover illustration: “Soluble Alternating Co-polyimides Containing the Tetrahydro[5]helicene Unit.” Bender, T.P.; Wang, Z.Y.*; J. Poly. Sci., Pt A: Poly. Chem., 1998, 36(9), 1349–1353. ( NSERC)
72) “Introduction of a [5]Helicene Unit in Polyimides by Chemical and Thermal Transformations of Precursor Polymers.” Bender, T.P.; Qi, Y.; Gao, J.P.; Wang, Z.Y.*; Macromolecules, 1997, 30(20), 6001–6006. (NSERC).
73) “Condensation Polyimides from AB-type Amino Anhydride Monomers.” Wang, Z.Y.*; Qi, Y.; Bender, T.P.; Gao, J.P.; Macromolecules, 1997, 30(4), 764–769. (NSERC).